Name: Bombay Softwares
Brand: Bombay Softwares
Rating: 5 (250 reviews)

You must have heard about the word “Redux” while working with frontend developers or somewhere else, No ? Let me explain.

>Redux is a pattern and library for managing and updating application state, using events called "actions". It serves as a centralized store for state that needs to be used across your entire application, with rules ensuring that the state can only be updated in a predictable fashion.

This article delves into the integration of the Redux approach in [Android development](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-android-development/), particularly leveraging the power of MutableLiveData. 

## Understanding Redux in Android

Redux is a state management pattern and library that originated in the JavaScript and [web development](https://blog.hubspot.com/website/website-development) ecosystem but has found its way into various other platforms, including Android.

Redux provides a predictable and centralized way to manage the state of an application, making it easier to develop and maintain complex user interfaces.

In the context of Android, Redux is not a specific library or framework but rather a set of principles and patterns that can be implemented using existing tools and libraries. 

## Redux Principles

It was designed and developed for JavaScript but we can follow the Redux pattern in Android as well, Redux can be described in three fundamental principles.

- CheckSingle source of truth ( Store )
- CheckState is read-only ( State )
- CheckChanges are made with pure functions ( Reducers )

## Android Implementation

According to the Redux principles we will create **three components** but with slight variation. For state update callback we will use **MutableLiveData** an AndroidX lifecycle component which allows us to **observe** the change in the data.

## What are LiveData and Observers?

**Observers** are the functions which observe the changes in the LiveData and get automatically called when it receives any updates.

**LiveData** is an observable data holder class. Unlike a regular observable, LiveData is lifecycle-aware, meaning it respects the lifecycle of other app components, such as activities, fragments, or services. This awareness ensures LiveData only updates app component observers that are in an active lifecycle state.

*We are using Kotlin to show code examples.*

**State**

A state contains data that is accessible throughout the App. Here we are creating a To Do App for our sample project, so we will be storing the list of tasks in the App State. 

To make our todo list observable we will wrap it with LiveData, similarly you can wrap any type of class with LiveData and make it observable. Moreover you can add as many as variables using LiveData.


```
data class AppState(
    val tasks: LiveData<ArrayList<ToDoTask>>,
    var isLoading: LiveData<Boolean>
)
```

**Reducer**


Reducer contains the logical part, in this class we will create functions to apply CRUD operations. Here we are using a different approach with respect to the Redux principles, we are creating separate functions for different actions instead of action-dispatch functions. 

You can not modify LiveData directly, so first we will cast it to MutableLiveData and then apply changes. For more details about MutableLiveData read official documentation [here](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/lifecycle/MutableLiveData#postValue(T)).


```
class Reducer(private val state: AppState) {

    fun addTask(task: ToDoTask) {
        val taskList = state.tasks.value!!
        taskList.add(task)

        // If you are working on Main thread you can use #setValue(),
        // for background thread use #postValue()
        (state.tasks as MutableLiveData).postValue(taskList)
    }

    fun deleteTask(task: ToDoTask): Unit {
        val taskList = state.tasks.value!!
        taskList.remove(task)
        (state.tasks as MutableLiveData).postValue(taskList)
    }

    fun updateTask(index: Int, isChecked: Boolean): Unit {
        val taskList = state.tasks.value!!
        taskList[index].isCompleted = isChecked
        (state.tasks as MutableLiveData).postValue(taskList)
    }

}
```
**Store**

Store is a global object which contains the AppState and the Reducer. We will create our Store class with AppState and Reducer, Initialise AppState with initial state and pass the initial state to the reducer.


```
class Store {
    var state: AppState
    var reducer: Reducer

    init {
        // Initial state
        state = AppState(
            MutableLiveData(ArrayList()),
            MutableLiveData(false)
        )
        reducer = Reducer(state)
    }
}
```

Ok! But, How to Combine these Things Together?

The Store should be accessible throughout the application, so we will need to create a global instance of store. Consequently we will extend the Application class and create a companion object, which will allow us to access the store object App wide.


```
class ThisApp : Application() {

    companion object {
        val store = Store()
    }

}
```

Don’t forget to add ThisApp to AndroidManifest.xml

## CRUD Operations

To modify the App State we need to call reducer functions which we created earlier. Below is the code which shows how to call reducer functions.


```
...
// Add
ThisApp.store.reducer.addTask(ToDoTask(1,"New Task","Description",false))

// Update
itemView.taskCheck.setOnClickListener {
    ThisApp.store.reducer.updateTask(position,!task.isCompleted)
}

// Delete
itemView.deleteTaskBtn.setOnClickListener {
    ThisApp.store.reducer.deleteTask(task)
}

...
```

## Updating the UI

For our To Do App, we require to list the tasks in the recycler view, so we will create an Adapter for it. We will use our tasks array list as a data source for TaskAdapter.


```
class TaskAdapter : RecyclerView.Adapter<TaskViewHolder>() {
    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): TaskViewHolder {
        return TaskViewHolder(View.inflate(parent.context, R.layout.task_item_layout, null))
    }

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: TaskViewHolder, position: Int) {
        val task = ThisApp.store.state.tasks.value!![position]
        holder.bind(task,position)
    }

    override fun getItemCount(): Int {
        return ThisApp.store.state.tasks.value!!.size
    }
}
...
```

But there is a problem, the TaskAdapter doesn’t know that the data has been changed, so we need to notify it about that. For this purpose we will add an observer for the tasks list in our activity as shown below


```
...
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    // Add observer to specific live data
    ThisApp.store.state.tasks.observe(this) {
        taskAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
        if (it.size == 0) emptyView.visibility = View.VISIBLE
        else emptyView.visibility = View.GONE
    }
}
...

override fun onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy()
    // Remove all observers
    ThisApp.store.state.tasks.removeObservers(this)
}

......
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    // Add observer to specific live data
    ThisApp.store.state.tasks.observe(this) {
        taskAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
        if (it.size == 0) emptyView.visibility = View.VISIBLE
        else emptyView.visibility = View.GONE
    }
}
...

override fun onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy()
    // Remove all observers
    ThisApp.store.state.tasks.removeObservers(this)
}

...
```

Whenever the list gets updated, it will call **taskAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged()** which will update the recycler view.
Yesss ! we made it. That's how we can apply the Redux approach in Android using LiveData.

You can clone the sample project from [github](https://github.com/Edugem-Technologies/ToDoApp-ARL).

## Conclusion

Integrating the Redux approach with MutableLiveData in Android provides a robust and scalable architecture for state management. 

The unidirectional data flow, immutability, and predictability offered by Redux contribute to a more maintainable and debuggable codebase. 

By leveraging MutableLiveData for reactive updates, developers can seamlessly connect the Redux architecture with the Android UI, creating a powerful combination for building modern and responsive applications. 

As Android development continues to evolve, embracing such architectural patterns becomes increasingly essential for crafting high-quality, scalable, and maintainable apps.


**Note:**
This approach might not suit all types of projects, in the end it depends on you to choose appropriate architecture as per your project requirements. The LiveData which we used is a part of MVVM architecture recommended by the Android officials.

References: 

[1. AndroidX](https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/migrate)

[2. Redux](https://redux.js.org/understanding/thinking-in-redux/three-principles)

[3. Live Data](https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/livedata)

[4. Mutable Live Data](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/lifecycle/MutableLiveData)

Tags: Android,Kotlin,Redux,Javascript,Design Pattern,Technology

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Redux

Discover efficient state management in Android using LiveData and implement Redux principles with reducers, store, and observers for scalable apps.

Redux Approach in Android, Using MutableLiveData

Redux Approach in Android Using MutableLiveData

Setting up a server involves more than simply launching an instance. A reliable and scalable server environment requires a well-structured approach to infrastructure, security, and configuration. 

The following outlines best practices and key components involved in setting up an AWS EC2 server from the ground up:

## 1. AWS IAM Users and Groups

- IAM users can be created directly from the AWS console and assigned specific policies.

- Organizing access through groups with attached policies simplifies permissions management and improves security.
 
- Adhering to the principle of least privilege ensures that users have only the permissions necessary for their tasks, reducing security risks.

## 2. EC2 Instances & Elastic IPs 

- EC2 instances such as t2.small can be used for testing purposes, and connections are established using SSH.

- Understanding different EC2 instance types helps in selecting the appropriate resources based on workload requirements.
 
- Elastic IPs can be allocated and attached to instances to provide a static IP address, ensuring consistent connectivity even after instance restarts.

## 3. Creating New Users & SSH Access 

Creating a dedicated user instead of using default accounts helps in maintaining structured access control:



```
# Create a new user
sudo adduser deployuser  

# Add user to sudo group
sudo usermod -aG sudo deployuser  

# Switch to new user
su - deployuser

```

Secure SSH access can be set up by generating SSH keys and copying the public key to the server:


```
# Generate SSH key (local machine)
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"

# Copy public key to server
ssh-copy-id deployuser@your_server_ip

```

This setup helps in maintaining secure, auditable access.

##  4. GitHub Access with Multiple SSH Keys 

Managing multiple repositories such as frontend and backend projects is more efficient with separate SSH keys for each.

```
# Generate new SSH key for backend
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "backend-repo"

# Generate new SSH key for frontend
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "frontend-repo"
```


The ~/.ssh/config file can be updated to define aliases for different repositories, making it easier to work with them:

```
Host github-backend
    HostName github.com
    User git
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_backend

Host github-frontend
    HostName github.com
    User git
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_frontend
```

This allows for cloning each repository with its respective alias:

```
git clone git@github-backend:username/backend.git
git clone git@github-frontend:username/frontend.git
```

## 5. Nginx Setup & Domain Mapping 

Nginx can be installed and configured to manage multiple subdomains:

```
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx
```

Separate server blocks can be created for each subdomain to route traffic appropriately:

```
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name api.example.com;
    location / {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        }
}
```

Server blocks can be enabled by creating symbolic links:

```
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/api.example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
```

This configuration helps in maintaining clean separation between different services such as frontend and backend.

## 6. SSL Certificates with Certbot 

Encrypted communication can be enabled by installing Certbot and integrating it with Nginx:

```
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx -d api.example.com -d app.example.com
```

SSL certificates ensure secure connections, which are essential for protecting sensitive data and improving user trust.


## 7. Process Management with Supervisor 

Applications like Flask, Django, or Node.js can be managed using Supervisor, which provides process monitoring and automatic restarts:

```
sudo apt install supervisor
sudo nano /etc/supervisor/conf.d/app.conf
```

Example configuration:
```
[program:myapp]
command=gunicorn app:app --bind 127.0.0.1:5000
directory=/home/deployuser/myapp
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/var/log/myapp.err.log
stdout_logfile=/var/log/myapp.out.log
```

Supervisor can be refreshed and restarted with the following commands:

```
sudo supervisorctl reread
sudo supervisorctl update
sudo supervisorctl restart myapp
```

This setup ensures that applications are continuously monitored, automatically restarted upon failure, and logged for debugging.

## 8. Key Takeaways 

Setting up an EC2 server involves multiple layers that contribute to the overall reliability and scalability of applications. Important aspects include:

- Structuring secure access through IAM users and groups

- Managing multiple repositories with separate SSH keys

- Mapping subdomains using Nginx for clean routing

- Enabling secure communication with SSL certificates

- Automating application management using Supervisor

Following these practices helps in laying a robust foundation for scalable, stable, and secure server environments. 

These configurations are applicable across development and production setups, reinforcing the importance of understanding the infrastructure behind reliable applications.




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Setting Up an AWS EC2 Server from Scratch.png

Learn how to set up an AWS EC2 server with best practices for security, scalability, domain mapping, SSH access, SSL, and process management.

Setting Up an AWS EC2 Server from Scratch

In today’s fast-moving software world driven by AI, tools like Cursor AI, Windsurf, Claude Code have become kind of mandatory. 

Whether you’re building features, fixing bugs, or reviewing code, these tools can dramatically improve productivity, reduce errors, and simplify complex tasks. But like any AI tool, it works best when you know how to fully leverage its capabilities. 

In this post, we’ll explore 3 simple but highly effective ways you can make the most of Cursor AI - transforming it into your ultimate AI pair programmer.

## 1. Ask Cursor AI to Make a Development Plan Before Execution

One of the biggest mistakes developers (& Cursor AI) make is diving straight into code without proper planning. Instead, let Cursor AI generate a development plan or checklist before you write any code.

Simply prompt Cursor with questions like:

- _“Create a step-by-step plan to build a user authentication system with OAuth2.”_
- _“List the components I’ll need for building a responsive admin dashboard.”_
- _“What are the possible edge cases for handling file uploads securely?”_
- _"Create a plan to build a chatbot using Rasa"_

Review the generated plan, make edits wherever required, then execute coding based on the final plan.

By getting a clear, AI-generated roadmap upfront, you’ll avoid missed requirements, reduce rework, and ensure more maintainable code from the start.

## 2. Setup Cursor Rules to Control Output

Cursor allows you to define custom rules that act like coding guidelines for your AI assistant. These rules ensure Cursor’s output matches your team’s coding standards and project preferences. 

Rules are either project scoped (applicable to 1 project) or user scoped (applicable to all projects).

You can configure rules for:

- File naming conventions
- Code formatting (e.g. camelCase vs snake_case)
- Framework-specific patterns (like Next.js or Django)
- Security and performance best practices
- Set response language or tone or add personal style preferences


By setting up these rules early, you eliminate inconsistencies and ensure that AI-generated code is fully aligned with your project structure.

The more rules you define, the more predictable and high-quality Cursor’s output becomes.

Read more about rules: [here](https://docs.cursor.com/context/rules)

## 3. Instantly Access Third-Party Documentation

One of Cursor AI’s strongest features is its ability to bring in real-time context from third-party docs. 

Whether you’re using Stripe, Next.js, AWS SDKs, or any other library, you can set context in prompt by typing ‘@’

- @NextJS , @Stripe - You will see if the official doc is available in the autocomplete menu.

This eliminates time lost to tab-switching or hunting through docs - Cursor becomes your instant, searchable dev library.

**Bonus Tip!**

Don’t forget to enable Privacy mode in cursor AI.

## Conclusion

Cursor AI is like having a co-pilot(no pun intended) in your IDE - but only if you learn how to talk to it effectively. 

Start with planning prompts, set guardrails with rules, connect the right docs, and treat it like a smart teammate. 

Over time, you’ll find where Cursor fits naturally into your workflows - acting like a thoughtful junior engineer with infinite patience.

With the right setup, Cursor becomes your most reliable developer assistant, saving time, improving quality, and reducing context switching.


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How to Use Cursor AI

Maximize Cursor AI with dev planning, custom rules, third-party docs, and internal uploads to boost productivity. Try these smart tips today.


How To Use Cursor AI: 3 Easy Ways for Your Coding Workflow

How to Use Cursor AI: 3 Simple Ways to Supercharge Your Coding Workflow

## Introduction

Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a web service by AWS that allows users to rent virtual servers in the cloud. It provides scalable compute capacity, making it easier to build and deploy applications without owning physical hardware. 

A major advantage of AWS EC2 is its flexibility, allowing users to select from a wide range of instance types and operating systems.

## Advantages of EC2

### 1. Scalability:

With EC2, you can adjust the size of your instances as needed, making it easier for organizations to handle changes in traffic and use their resources more efficiently.

### 2. Instant Instance Management:

Instances can be launched and terminated on demand ,enabling quick deployment of applications and services while minimizing downtime.

### 3. Flexible Pricing:

With EC2, you only pay for what you use. You can also choose from different pricing options like Reserved and Spot Instances to lower your costs even more.

### 4. Global Availability:

You can launch your applications anywhere in the world, thanks to AWS data centers located in multiple regions.

### 5. Customizable:

With AWS, you can choose from a wide range of instance types and configurations. For example, you can select an instance with 16 GB RAM and 4 vCPUs and run it on Ubuntu, Windows, or other operating systems—whatever suits your application best.

Let’s launch our first EC2 instance and explore related concepts like SSH, [user data scripts](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/user-data.html), and security groups along the way.

## 1. Open AWS Console

So let’s go to AWS Console

**So this is my AWS console**

![AWS Console](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/AWS_Console_6682195873.png)


## 2. Select EC2 service

Now, head to the search bar at the top left, type in “EC2,” and click on the EC2 service from the results.

![Search Bar](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Search_Bar_435aac0750.png)

So now I am on the EC2 instance dashboard, and you can see the **instance running**. Click on that, and you will get a list of all EC2 instances that are running.

![EC2 Resource](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/EC_2_Resource_f16776faf6.png)

Here’s a list of EC2 instances that are currently running. Let’s go ahead and create our first EC2 instance. Click on button Launch Instances (on top right).
![launch instances](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/launch_instances_2ed730ab8f.png)

## 3. Name Your EC2 Instance

Now give a name to you ec2 instance and select **AMI**
![AMI](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/AMI_dd398b89ab.png)

## 4. What is AMI?

Wait a second - what does AMI mean?

**AMI stands for Amazon Machine Image**

- An AMI is like a ready-made setup that has everything needed to start a virtual machine on AWS. It can include the operating system, software, and settings so you don’t have to set everything up from scratch each time.

- Before, setting up servers meant handling real machines, which was slow and hard. Virtual machines made things easier but still needed manual setup. AMIs solve this by giving you ready-made server templates on AWS, so you can launch and manage servers quickly and easily.

- You can start EC2 instances using different types of AMIs:
1.  **Public AMI:** Provided by AWS, like the Amazon Linux 2 AMI.
2. **Your own AMI:** Created and managed by you.
3. **Marketplace AMI:** Made by someone else and shared or sold through the AWS Marketplace.
- AMIs are built for a specific region and can be copied across regions.

![AWS Cloud](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/AWS_Cloud_8e6c77e015.png)

### 5. Ubuntu AMI

Lets give instance name as “web-app”  and select free tier eligible Ubuntu AMI

![Ubuntu AMI](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Ubuntu_AMI_166d9cfaab.png)

## 6. Choosing an Instance Type

Now, choose an instance type.
 But a question pops into your mind — what exactly is an instance type?
- Its hardware configuration of your EC2 Instance
- I.e CPU,memory(RAM) ,storage type and network performance
- Examples: t2.micro, t3.large, m5.xlarge, c6g.2xlarge, etc.

Think of **instance type** as choosing the **size and power of your virtual computer**.

I have selected t2.micro Instance type (free tier eligible)
![Instance type](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Instance_type_0e7d622999.png)
     
Now what’s next? 

## 7. Key pair (login)
![9.png](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/9_36d0fde4a5.png)

### What is a Key Pair in EC2?

1. A [key pair](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-key-pairs.html) is set of two cryptographic keys
- Public key: Stored on EC2 Instance
- Private key: You keep this one safe on your local machine (usually a .pem file).
2. AWS uses this key pair to **securely log in** to your EC2 instance **via SSH (Secure shell)**.

### Lets create a new key pair:
1 . Click on Create new key pair.
a. Give a name to key pair , i have given “web-app-key-pair”.
![New Key Pair](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/10_b544d2f81f.png)

b. Select Key pair type (I have selected **RSA**) and private key file format (**.pem**).
c. Click on "**Create key pair**" - once clicked, the private key will be downloaded to your local system. Save it to your preferred directory.

## 8. Network Setting

![Network Setting](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/11_4a9264298a.png)

In the network settings, let's use the default VPC and subnet and enable auto-assign public IP for now.

Let’s focus on **Security groups** for now.

1. AWS [Security Groups](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-security-groups.html) are a virtual firewall for your AWS account. They allow you to control inbound and outbound traffic to and from your AWS resources.
![AWS Security Group](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/12_9080f722d3.png)
2. **Controls traffic at the instance level**, not the subnet level.
3. You define rules that allow traffic **inbound** (to the instance) and **outbound** (from the instance).
4. Security Groups are **STATEFUL** (if traffic is allowed inbound it is also allowed outbound).

Rules are defined using:

- **Protocol** (e.g., TCP, UDP, ICMP)
- **Port number** (e.g., 22 for SSH, 80 for HTTP)
- **Source/Destination IP** (e.g., 0.0.0.0/0 = anywhere)

#### Inbound Rules
These control **who can send traffic to your EC2 instance**.
Example:
 If you want to **SSH into your instance**, you need to **allow inbound traffic on port 22**.
- Allow SSH (port 22) from your IP.
- Allow HTTP (port 80) from anywhere.
- Allow MySQL (port 3306) from a specific private IP.
- Allow HTTPS (port 443) from anywhere.

#### Outbound Rules (Outgoing Traffic)
- These control **what traffic your instance can send out**.
- Example:
 If your app needs to **access the internet**, allow **outbound on port 443** (HTTPS).

In short:
   **Inbound = who can reach your server
   Outbound = who your server can talk to**

![Security group](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/13_074f06426a.png)


In the security group, I am allowing SSH traffic on port number 20 from anywhere (0.0.0.0/0) and also HTTP traffic on port number 80 from anywhere.

Currently we will go with Auto assign public IP; later we will discuss elastic IP addresses.

And also we are not concentrating on VPC, so we will go with default VPC.

## 9. Storage configuration

![Storage Configuration](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/14_7f5eda0806.png)

When you launch an EC2 instance, you need to attach **storage volumes** where your OS, apps, and data will be saved. It is like root volume of your ubuntu or C drive in windows

AWS give you following storage options: 

### 1. EBS (Elastic Block Store) - Most Common
-  It is **Block-level storage** for EC2
-  It is like a **hard drive** attached to your EC2
- You can **attach**, **detach**, **resize** or event back it up (using snapshots)
- It **persist** even after instance is stopped or terminated
- Instance boots from this volume

**Types:**
- **gp3 / gp2 (General Purpose SSD):** Balanced performance
- **io2 / io1 (Provisioned IOPS SSD):** High-performance, IOPS-sensitive apps
- **st1 (Throughput Optimized HDD):** For large, sequential workloads (e.g., big data)
- **sc1 (Cold HDD):** Lowest cost, infrequent access workloads

### 2. Instance Store (Ephemeral Storage)
- The Instance Store provides temporary, high-speed storage that is physically attached to the host computer. It is suitable for temporary data, caches, buffers, and scratch data.
- Data stored on an instance store is not persistent. It will be lost if the instance is stopped, terminated, or if the host computer's underlying disk fails.
- You cannot boot an EC2 instance from an instance store volume. It's designed for temporary, local storage only.

![Instance Store](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/15_c10253da07.png)

## 10. User Data script (Optional)

- **User data** in EC2 refers to a script (usually a shell script) that you provide when launching an EC2 instance. It runs **automatically the first time** the instance boots up.
- Assume like: Instructions you give your EC2 instance to set itself up right after it launches.

### What can we do with it? 
      1. Install software (e.g., NGINX, [Apache](https://www.apache.org/), [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en))
      2. Run configuration commands
      3. Update packages
      4. Start service etc . 

E,g   Here's a **User Data script** to install and start **NGINX** on an EC2 instance running **Ubuntu**:

![Ubuntu](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/16_f766a4c1d4.png)

_We're not using a user data script for this setup. Instead, we'll install NGINX manually on the EC2 instance._

## 11. Launch Instance
Lets click on “Launch Instance” Button on bottom right corner.

![Launch Instance Button](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/17_57d9bcc6a9.png)

So out instance is created and launched successfully, so lets go to listing of ec2 instances.
![Out Instances](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/18_40ced8b195.png)
Here is the our web-app instance with state Running

Let’s install NGINX directly on our EC2 instance and start the server.
So first we need to connect to instance, so check the ec2  “web-app” ec2 instance and click on connect.
![NGINX](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/19_c32a4a24bf.png)

Now select **EC2 Instance Connect** and click on **Connect**
![20.png](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/20_8aec5cee25.png)

Now you will find a terminal like this:

![Terminal](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/21_b8cfcf5f4e.png)

Now to install [nginx](https://nginx.org/), Run this command step by step
![Install NGINX](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/22_8c747fe6b3.png)

After starting nginx, 
Open your public IPv4 address, or public IPv4 addresses in your browser.

![Public IP address](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/24_0b629041e3.png)


You will get something like this:

![Welcome NGINX](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/24_2_a0968b5d1a.png)


By default, **NGINX runs on port 80**, which is the standard port for HTTP traffic. 

So, when you enter your EC2 instance’s public IP in the browser, you’ll see the default NGINX welcome page. This confirms that NGINX is installed and running successfully.

## 12. Cleaning Up AWS Resources
##### 1. **Terminate the EC2 instance** from the AWS Console.

Select ec2 instance, go to Instance State, and click on Terminate (delete instance).

![Terminate EC2 Instance](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/25_9d6d590dab.png)

##### 2. **Delete the associated key pair**, if not needed.
Go to the key pairs section, select a key pair , click on Action, and then delete.
![Delete Associated Pair](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/26_7770022a8f.png)

##### 3. **Remove any custom security groups** you created.
Go to the security group section, select security groups, click on action and then delete.

![Delete Security Group](https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/27_efd1d8c67f.png)

##### 4. Check for any **Elastic IPs** (if used) and release them if not attached.

## Conclusion

In this blog, we learned how to launch and use an EC2 instance on AWS. Step by step, we created a virtual server, chose the right settings, and installed NGINX to see it running in a browser.

We also covered key concepts like AMI, instance types, key pairs, security groups, and storage. Finally, we learned how to clean up our resources to avoid extra charges.

Overall, EC2 makes it easy to set up servers in the cloud without needing any physical hardware. It's a great way to host websites, apps, or try out cloud computing.



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AWS EC2

Step-by-step guide to launching and managing AWS EC2 instances. Learn about AMIs, key pairs, security groups, storage, and installing NGINX on Ubuntu.

AWS EC2: Quick Guide to Launch and Manage Instances

_AI is transforming content creation, making it faster, smarter, and more efficient. This blog explores how AI-powered tools help businesses and creators generate high-quality content with less effort._

## Introduction

Ever wondered how some websites, blogs, or social media pages create content so fast?

Well, the secret might just be AI. 

Yes, that’s right; AI isn’t just about robots or self-driving cars anymore. 

It’s quietly redefining the way we create content, making it faster, smarter, and more efficient. 

But how exactly does it work? 

And what are the real benefits of using AI for content creation? 

Let’s dive in and explore this topic together.

## What is AI Content Creation?

Before we get into details, let’s break it down. AI for content creation refers to the use of artificial intelligence tools and software to generate written, visual, or audio content. 

These tools use [machine learning](https://www.bombaysoftwares.com/blog/top-machine-learning-applications-in-2025) and natural language processing (NLP) to understand human language, mimic writing styles, and even come up with creative ideas. 

Think of it as having a virtual assistant who can write blog posts, create social media captions, or even design graphics—all in a fraction of the time it would take a human.

But don’t worry, AI isn’t here to replace human creativity. 

Instead, it’s here to enhance it. 

By automating repetitive tasks and providing data-driven insights, AI allows content creators to focus on what they do best: telling stories and connecting with their audience.

## Use Cases of AI For Content Creation

AI is incredibly versatile, and its applications in content creation are vast. Here are some of the most common use cases of AI for content creation:

### 1. Writing Blog Posts and Articles

One of the most popular uses of AI is for generating written content. Tools like [ChatGPT](https://openai.com/chatgpt/overview/), [Jasper](https://www.jasper.ai/), and [Writesonic](https://writesonic.com/) can help writers create blog posts, articles, and even eBooks. 

These tools can generate ideas, write drafts, and even optimise content for SEO. 

For example, if you’re stuck on how to start a blog post about “10 Tips for Healthy Eating,” an AI tool can provide a catchy introduction and outline the main points for you.

### 2. Social Media Content

Managing social media can be time-consuming, but AI can make it easier. 

AI tools can generate captions, hashtags, and even schedule posts for platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn. 

Some tools, like [Lately](https://www.lately.ai/) and [Buffer](https://buffer.com/), analyse your audience’s behaviour to suggest the best times to post and the type of content that performs well.

### 3. Email Marketing

Writing personalised emails for hundreds or thousands of subscribers can be a tough task. 

AI tools like [Phrasee](https://www.mailmodo.com/resources/email-marketing-tools/phrasee/) and [Persado](https://www.persado.com/) can help by generating subject lines, email copy, and calls-to-action that are tailored to your audience. 

These tools use data to predict what will resonate with your readers, increasing open rates and engagement.

### 4. Video and Audio Content

AI isn’t just limited to text. Tools like [Pictory](https://pictory.ai/) and [Lumen5](https://lumen5.com/) can turn blog posts into engaging videos, while Descript can transcribe and edit audio content. 

AI can even generate voiceovers or music tracks, making it easier to create podcasts, YouTube videos, or advertisements.

### 5. Graphic Design

Not everyone is a graphic designer, but AI tools like [Canva](https://www.canva.com/) and [Adobe Firefly](https://www.adobe.com/products/firefly.html) make it easy to create professional-looking visuals. 

These tools use AI to suggest layouts, colours, and fonts based on your content. You can also use AI to generate images or illustrations from scratch, saving time and money.

### 6. Content Personalisation

AI can analyse user data to deliver personalised content experiences. For example, [Netflix](https://about.netflix.com/en) uses AI to recommend shows based on your viewing history, while e-commerce sites like Amazon suggest products you might like. 

In content marketing, AI can help tailor blog posts, emails, or ads to individual preferences, increasing engagement and conversions.

### 7. Content Editing and Proofreading

Even the best writers make mistakes, but AI tools like [Grammarly](https://app.grammarly.com/) and [ProWritingAid](https://www.hubspot.com/blog-topic-generator) can help catch errors and improve readability. 

These tools go beyond basic spell-checking, offering suggestions for grammar, tone, and style. They’re like having a personal editor on hand 24/7.

### 8. Idea Generation

Struggling to come up with fresh ideas? AI can help with that too. 

Tools like [HubSpot’s Blog Ideas Generator](https://www.hubspot.com/blog-topic-generator) and [AnswerThePublic](https://answerthepublic.com/) use AI to analyse trends and suggest topics based on keywords. 

This can be a lifesaver for content creators facing writer’s block.

## Benefits of Using AI for Content Creation

Now that we’ve explored the different ways AI can be used, let’s talk about the benefits of using AI for content creation. 

Why should you consider using AI in your content creation process? 

Here are some compelling reasons:

### 1. Saves Time

Let’s face it—creating content takes time. Researching, writing, editing, and publishing can be a lengthy process. 

AI can automate many of these tasks, allowing you to produce more content in less time. 

For example, instead of spending hours writing a blog post, you can use an AI tool to generate a draft in minutes, giving you more time to focus on strategy and creativity.

### 2. Improves Efficiency

AI can handle repetitive tasks like keyword research, formatting, and scheduling, freeing up your time for more important work. 

It can also streamline workflows by integrating with other tools and platforms. 

For instance, you can use AI to generate content, edit it, and schedule it for publication—all in one place.

### 3. Enhances Creativity

Contrary to popular belief, AI doesn’t stifle creativity—it enhances it. 

By taking care of the mundane aspects of content creation, AI allows you to focus on the fun part: coming up with ideas and telling stories. 

Plus, AI can provide inspiration and suggestions you might not have thought of on your own.

### 4. Boosts SEO

[Search engine optimisation](https://www.bombaysoftwares.com/blog/seo-strategies-the-key-to-digital-marketing-success) (SEO) is crucial for getting your content noticed, but it can be tricky to master. 

AI tools can analyse keywords, suggest optimisations, and even predict trends, helping your content rank higher in search results. This means more traffic and better visibility for your website or blog.

### 5. Increases Consistency

Consistency is key in [content marketing](https://www.bombaysoftwares.com/blog/the-role-of-content-marketing-in-digital-campaigns), but it can be hard to maintain when you’re juggling multiple tasks. 

AI can help by generating content on a regular schedule, ensuring your audience always has something new to engage with. It can also maintain a consistent tone and style across all your content, strengthening your brand voice.

### 6. Reduces Costs

Hiring a team of writers, designers, and editors can be expensive. 

AI tools offer a cost-effective alternative, allowing you to produce high-quality content without breaking the bank. 

While AI isn’t a replacement for human expertise, it can complement your team and reduce the need for additional resources.

### 7. Provides Data-Driven Insights

AI doesn’t just create content—it also analyses it. 

By tracking metrics like engagement, click-through rates, and conversions, AI can provide valuable insights into what’s working and what’s not. 

This allows you to refine your strategy and create content that resonates with your audience.

### 8. Scales Content Production

Whether you’re a small business or a large enterprise, AI can help you scale your content production. 

Need to create 50 blog posts in a month? No problem. 

AI can handle the heavy lifting, allowing you to meet deadlines and grow your content library without sacrificing quality.

### 9. Improves Accessibility

AI can make content creation more accessible to people who might not have the skills or resources to do it themselves. 

For example, someone who isn’t a native English speaker can use AI to write or edit content, while someone with no design experience can use AI to create professional-looking graphics.

### 10. Keeps You Ahead of the Curve

The digital landscape is constantly evolving, and staying ahead of the competition is crucial. 

AI tools help you follow trends, try new ideas, and create unique content. In today's world, AI gives you the boost to succeed.

## Challenges and Limitations of Using AI For Content Creation

While AI offers many benefits, it’s not without its challenges. Here are a few things to keep in mind while using AI for content creation:

### 1. Lack of Human Touch

AI can mimic human language, but it doesn’t have emotions or experiences. This means it might struggle with content that requires empathy, humour, or cultural nuance. 

For example, an AI-generated joke might fall flat, or a heartfelt story might feel robotic.

### 2. Quality Control

AI tools are only as good as the data they’re trained on. If the input is flawed, the output might be too. 

This means you’ll still need to review and edit AI-generated content to ensure it meets your standards.

### 3. Ethical Concerns

The use of AI in content creation raises ethical questions, such as who owns the rights to AI-generated content and how to prevent misuse. 

For example, AI could be used to spread misinformation or create fake reviews, which could harm your brand’s reputation.

### 4. Over-Reliance on AI

While AI can be a powerful tool, it’s important not to rely on it too heavily. Content creation is ultimately about connecting with your audience, and that requires a human touch. 

Use AI to enhance your work, not replace it.

## The Future of AI in Content Creation

The use of AI in content creation is still in its early stages, but the possibilities are endless. 
In the future, AI might write full novels, create ultra-realistic videos, or predict what audiences like with great accuracy.

Bombay Softwares is a leading [AI development company](https://www.bombaysoftwares.com/what-we-do/ai-development-services), offering custom AI solutions to help businesses grow and innovate.

Whether you need to automate content, improve customer experiences, or build AI-powered apps, our experts can turn your ideas into reality.

AI is powerful, but it will never replace human creativity. The best content comes from combining human ideas with AI’s speed—that’s what makes you stand out in the digital world.

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  "title": "Build smarter content solutions with AI!",
  "description": "Automate creation, enhance personalisation, and scale effortlessly.",
  "button-text": "Start today!",
  "button-link": "https://www.bombaysoftwares.com/contact-us",
  "image-background": "https://bs-cms-media-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/CTA_Background_95541cff6b.svg"
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AI for content creation

Discover how AI enhances content creation with powerful use cases and key benefits for businesses and creators.


AI For Content Creation: Use Cases & Benefits


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